CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION
(CSE)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
and Answers
i. The FAQs are designed to provide a better
understanding of common issues, and sometimes of fairly complex issues/topics and
will often link to more detailed information.
ii. This FAQ is for information purpose only
and is not a substitute for Rules. The information provided here would not
create any right on part of the individual candidate. In case, there
is lack of clarity on any issue, the position indicated in the CSE Rules for
the prevailing year governing the CSE would prevail.
iii. The candidates are advised to visit
DoPT’s website www.persmin.nic.in for information details about CSE,
Service Allocation/Cadre Allocation, and Service Profile etc.
FAQ
Categories
1. General Instructions on
CSE
2. Eligibility condition of
candidates for appearing in CSE
3. Reservation Issues
4. Medical Examination of
candidates
5. Issues relating to
candidates belonging to PH category
6. Service Allocation
General Instructions
• Under which rules Civil Service
Examination (CSE) is conducted?
Civil Services Examination (CSE) is conducted
as per provisions contained in the Civil Service Examination Rules
notified every year by the Department of Personnel & Training, Government
of India and published on the web-site of the Union Public Service Comission
(UPSC).
• Which agency is responsible for conducting
the Civil Service Examination?
The Union Public Service Commission
• What will be the number of vacancies to be
filled on the basis of result of a particular Civil Services Examination?
The number of vacancies is specified in the
notice issued by the Union Public Service Commission, after getting the details
from various cadre controlling authorities (CCAs) for the services to which
recruitment is made by the Central Government on the basis of Civil Services
Examination (CSE).
• To how many services am I eligible to be
recruited on the basis CSE?
Recruitment is generally made to the
following services on the basis of Civil Service Examination:
i. The Indian Administrative Service (IAS),
Group 'A'
ii. The Indian Foreign Service (IFoS), Group
'A'
iii. The Indian Police Service (IPS),
Group 'A'
iv. The Indian P&T Accounts and Finance
Service (IAS), Group 'A'.
v. The Indian Audit and Accounts Service
(IAS), Group 'A'.
vi. Indian Revenue Service (Customs &
Central Excise), (IAS) Gr. "A".
vii. The Indian Defence Accounts Service
(IAS), Group 'A'.
viii. The Indian Revenue Service, (IT) Group
'A'.
ix. The Indian Ordnance Factories Service,
Group 'A'. (Asstt. Works Manager—Administration).
x. The Indian Postal Service, Group
'A'.
xi. The Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group
'A'.
xii. The Indian Railway Traffic Service,
Group 'A'.
xiii. The Indian Railway Accounts Service,
Group 'A'.
xiv. The Indian Railway Personnel Service,
Group 'A'.
xv. Post of Assistant Security Commissioner,
Group 'A' in Railway Protection Force.
xvi. The Indian Defence Estates Service,
Group 'A'.
xvii. The Indian Information Service, Junior
Grade Group 'A'.
xviii. Indian Trade Service, Group 'A' (Gr.
III).
xix. Indian Corporate Law Service. Group 'A'.
xx. Armed Forces Headquarters Civil
Service, Group 'B' (Section Officer's Grade).
xxi. Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Lakshadweep. Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Civil Service,
Group 'B'.
xxii. Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Police Service. Group
'B'.
xxiii. Pondicherry Civil Service, Group
'B'.
xxiv. Pondicherry Police Service, Group
'B'.
The above mentioned services are categorized
/ classified into (i) Technical Services and (ii) Non-Technical
services.
Based on your medical report, you are either
eligible/fit only for all non-technical services (not fit for technical
services), both eligible/fit for technical as well as all non-technical
services (fit for all services) or eligible/fit for non-technical and some of
the technical services or eligible/fit for none of the technical as well as
non-technical service (unfit for all services).
• What is a TECHNICAL SERVICE
Those services are treated as Technical
Services which require special medical status in terms of vision, height,
chest, chest expansion etc.
The Technical services under CSE are as
follows.
i. The Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group
'A'.
ii. Railway Protection Force (RPF) Group
A,
iii. Indian Police Service, Gr. A,
iv. Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands,
Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Police Service. Group
'B'.
v. Pondicherry Police Service, Group
'B'
vi. Indian Ordinance Factories Service (IOFS)
Group A.
• Which are the Non-Technical services?
The Indian Administrative Service, Indian
Foreign Service, Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group 'A', Indian Revenue
Service (Customs & Central Excise) Gr. "A", Indian Revenue
Service, (IT) Group 'A', Indian Postal Service, Group 'A', Indian Civil Accounts
Service, Group 'A', Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group 'A', Indian Railway
Personnel Service, Group 'A', The Indian Defence Estates Service, Group 'A',
Indian Information Service, Junior Grade Group 'A' Indian Corporate Law
Service. Group 'A', Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep. Daman
& Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli Civil Service, Group 'B'
Eligibility of candidates
for appearing in CSE
• Who is eligibility to appear in the Civil
Service Examination?
(1) For the Indian Administrative Service and Indian
Police Service, a candidate must be a citizen of India.
(2) For other Services, a candidate must be
either- -
(a) a citizen of India, or
(b) a subject of Nepal, or
(c) a subject of Bhutan, or
(d) a Tibetan refugee who came over to India
before the 1st January, 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in
India, or
(e) a person of Indian origin who has
migrated from Pakistan, Burma (Myanmar), Sri Lanka, East African countries of
Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire and
Ethiopia or Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India :
a) Provided that a candidate belonging to
categories (b), (c), (d) and (e) shall be a person in whose favour a certificate of
eligibility has been issued by the Government of India :
b) Provided further that candidates belonging
to categories (b), (c) and (d) above will not be eligible for appointment to
the Indian Foreign Service.
c) A candidate in whose case a certificate of
eligibility is necessary may be admitted to the examination but the offer of
appointment may be given only after the necessary eligibility certificate has
been issued to him/her by the Government of India.
• What age limit has been prescribed for appearing
in the Civil Service Examination for different categories of
candidates? How many attempts are allowed for the same?
With effect from the CSE: 2014, to be held in
August, 2014, the following no. of attempts and age limits have been prescribed
for different categories of candidates:
|
Existing
no. of attempts
|
Categories
|
|
Unreserved
|
SC/ST
|
OBC
|
P.H.
|
|
04
|
Unlimited
|
07
|
07
for General/OBC
Unlimited for SC/ST
|
|
Existing
max. age-limits (*)
|
30
years
|
35
years
|
33
years
|
40
years
|
|
Consequential
changes in No. of attempts.
|
06
(4+2)
|
Unlimited
|
09
(7+2)
|
09
for
General/OBC
Unlimited for
SC/ST
|
|
Consequential
changes in age-limits(*)
|
32
years
(30+2)
|
37
years
(35+2)
|
35
years
(33+2)
|
12
additional years in each category (30+12 for General, 35+12 for SC/ST &
33+12 for OBC)
|
• Whether a candidate who is allocated to one
of the services participating in the Civil Service Examination can
again appear in the Civil Service Examination for improvement?
Yes, except those who have been allocated to
the Indian Administrative Service (IAS)/Indian Foreign Service (IFS).
• Who is competent to take final decision
with regard to the eligibility or otherwise of a candidate for admission to
CSE?
The UPSC
Reservation Issues
• What is the provision for reservation in Civil
Service Examination?
Reservation is made for candidates belonging
to SC/ST/OBC and PH candidates in respect of vacancies as may be fixed by the
Government.
•
What is date for issue of Caste Certificate?
Candidates seeking reservation/ relaxation
benefits available for SC/ST/OBC/PH/Ex-servicemen must ensure that they are
entitled to such reservation/relaxation as per eligibility prescribed in the
Rules/Notice. They should also be in possession of all the requisite
certificates in the prescribed format in support of their claim as stipulated
in the Rules/Notice for such benefits, and these certificates should be dated
earlier than the due date (closing date) of the application for CSE (Prelims).
• Whether any posts are reserved for persons
with disability (PH) in CSE ?
Yes. 3% of posts, 1% each for Visually
Impaired (VI) , Hearing Impaired(HI) and Locomotor Disability and Cerebral
Palsy(LDCP) is permissible in services (except those which have obtained
exemption from M/o SJ&E) participating in CSE.
Medical Examination of candidates
All candidates recruited to various services
under CSE have to be examined by the Medical Authority for initial appointment
and for placement at jobs involving different nature of works. Arrangement for
the Medical Examinations for the purposes of determining Physical Fitness is
done by the Central Government. The DoPT notifies CSE Rules- Appendix-III every
year prescribing guidelines for the same.
• Whether medical examination of candidates
qualified in CSE (Mains) is mandatory?
Yes, medical examination of candidates
qualified in CSE (Mains) is mandatory, in order to ensure that they are in good
mental /physical health and free from any physical defect likely to interfere
with discharge of their duties as an officer of the service.
• From where a candidate can get an access to
Appendix-III to CSE Rules as well as information relating to his/her medical
examination?
CSE Rules containing Appendix-III, notices
and information relating to the medical examination are posted time to time on
the dedicated webpage of DoPT on the DoPT’s website.
• Which are the hospitals where medical
examination of candidates qualified in CSE (Mains) is conducted?
Medical examination of candidates, at
present, is conducted in five designated hospitals in Delhi viz. Safdarjang
Hospital, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Hospital,
Sucheta Kriplani Hospital and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital.
Lady candidates are medically examined only
in Sucheta Kriplani Hospital whereas Physically handicapped candidates are
medically examined only in Safdarjung Hospital.
• Whether there is any proposal to increase the
number of hospitals?
Yes, from CSE, 2014, medical examination will
be done in seven designated hospitals in Delhi viz. Safdarjang Hospital, Dr Ram
Manohar Lohia Hospital, Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Hospital, Sucheta Kriplani
Hospital and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital and Dr.
Bheem Rao Ambedkar Hospital.
The lady candidates will be examined in all
the seven designated hospitals.
The PH candidates would be examined in five
designated hospitals viz five designated hospitals in Delhi viz. Safdarjang
Hospital, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Hospital,
Sucheta Kriplani Hospital and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital.
Candidate required to appear in Appellate
Specialized Medical Board (ASMC) for eye conditions may be referred to Guru
Nanak Eye Hospital at New Delhi.
• What are the instructions for the candidates
to follow before appearing the central standing medical board (CSMB) for
medical examination?
A
candidate must observe and follow the instructions given under before appearing
for medical examination before CSMB, dedicated web page of DOPT’s website which
can be accessed through web authentication code allotted to candidate. These
include the following:-
(i) Candidate should come fasting for 10
hours or more on the day of medical examination.
(ii) Candidate should come without taking any
medicine on the day of Medical Examination.
(iii) Candidate should bring along the
spectacles, if any, being used by him/her alongwith the prescription for the
same.
(iv) Candidate using Contact Lenses should
stop using them at least 48 hours before the medical examination.
(v) Candidate should bring along Hearing Aid,
if any, being used by him/her and its latest audiometry report.
(vi) Candidate belonging to Physical
Handicappoed (PH) category is advised to bring along the appliances being used
by him/her for his/her disability.
(vii) Candidate should bring along
prescription for any kind of medicine being taken by him/her on regular
basis.
(viii) Candidate should bring along records
of any surgical procedure he/she has undergone in the past.
(ix) Candidate should bring along the
Disability Certificate, if any, issued to him/her by any Disability Medical
Board in the past.
(x) Any other relevant record a candidate may
like to bring to the notice of the Central Standing Medical Board.
(xi) The candidate will be required to make a
statement as per format provided at Para 21 prior to his/her Medical
Examination and must sign the Declaration appended thereto.
• General Guidelines for
Candidates belonging to PH category
Physical and mental standards essential for
various posts under civil services in case of candidate with physical/mental
infirmity are governed by the notifications under PWD Act by the Ministry of
Social Justice and Empowerment. The following guidelines may be kept in mind by
a candidate belonging to PH category:
i) A candidate would be eligible to apply
against services reserved for PH category who suffers permanently from not less
than 40 percent of relevant disability. A candidate who wants to avail of the
benefit of reservation would have to apply in the prescribed format (Annexure-lll
of Appendix-III of CSE Rules 2014) to the competent authority for
issue of a ‘Disability Certificate’.
ii) The Competent Authority to issue
Disability Certificate shall be the CSMB constituted by the Central Government
or by the State Government consisting of at least three members out of which at
least one shall be a Specialist in the relevant field for assessing locomotors
/cerebral /visual /hearing disability, as the case may be.
iii) The Competent Authority would assess the
degree of disability as per latest guidelines published by Ministry of Social
Justice & Empowerment and issue the ‘Disability Certificate’ to applicant
in the format prescribed (Annexure-IV of Appendix III of CSE
Rules 2014).
iv)
A candidate holding such a disability certificate would be eligible to apply
for Preliminary Examination under CSE, 2014.
v) With effect from, CSE 2014, candidates
holding a disability certificate issued by a competent authority would be
advised to present themselves before the Central Standing Medical Boards(CSMB)
in Safdarjung Hospital, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, LHMC, Guru Teg Bahadur
Hospital and Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan Hospital, for their medical examination
under these Regulations.
vi) These Medical Board shall, after due
examination, give a permanent disability certificate in cases of permanent
disability. A candidate’s medical examination report along with the
recommendations could be made available to the candidate after the medical
examination by post at the postal address for communication given by the
candidate in the application form.
vii) This report is also to be published in
the dedicated webpage which is accessible only to the candidate concerned
through his/her password on DoPT’s website within seven (7) working days from
the date of completion of the medical examination.
viii) No refusal of ‘Disability Certificate’
shall be made unless an opportunity of ‘being heard’ is given to the applicant.
On representation by the PH applicant, the CSMB concerned may review its
decision having regard to all the facts and circumstances of the case and pass
such orders in the matter as it thinks fit.
ix) In case of dissatisfaction/disagreement
with the report of the medical examination/medical test and its
recommendations, the candidate may prefer an appeal to DoPT in the prescribed
format (at Annexure 1) either by post or online to reach DOPT within 7 working
days from the date of publication of medical report in the website. Candidates
filing an appeal against the decision of the CSMB may, if they like enclose
medical certificate in support of their claim of being fit. The Medical
Examination by the Appellate Medical Board would be arranged at Delhi only and
no travelling allowance or daily allowance will be admissible for the journeys
performed in connection with the medical examination. No fee will be
charged for filing an appeal against the findings of the CSMB.
Candidate filling an appeal will be assigned
an Appellate Disability Medical Board by the DoPT and he /she will have to
present him/her before this Board on the date and time indicated in the notice
for the same which will be uploaded in the website on the dedicated page for
the candidate concerned. No separate notice by post would be sent. Failure to
appear before the Appellate Disability Medical Board on the appointed day would
amount to forfeiture of the opportunity of appeal for the candidate and as a
consequence the recommendation of CSMB would be final. The recommendation of
this Appellate Disability Medical Board would be final and no appeal would lie
against the opinion of this Appellate Disability Medical Board.
• Whether the candidate can leave the medical
examination incomplete?
No candidate can leave the medical
examination incomplete. He/she will be required to follow the procedure of the
medical examination as advised by the medical examiner and if advised by the
medical examiner, he /she would remain present before any other medical board
on given time or day. Leaving medical examination incomplete would render
candidate liable for cancellation of his /her candidature.
• Whether formal permission of the Chairman of
the Medical Board would be required by the candidate before leaving the medical
examination?
Yes. Candidate should leave medical
examination only after obtaining relieving letter in the prescribed format to
be issued by the Chairman of CSMD or authorized representative and keep the
same as a proof of completion of his medical examination.
• Whether medical examination report should be
shared with the candidate?
Yes, w.e.f. CSE 2014. Candidate’s medical examination
report along with the recommendation would be made available to the candidates
after the medical examination by post at the postal address for communication
given by the candidate in his/her application form. Also this report would be
published in the dedicated web page which would be accessible only to the
candidate concerned through his/her password on DOPT’s website within the seven
working days from the date of completion of the medical examination.
• Is there any provision for appeal against the
findings of medical examination?
Yes.
If a candidate who is not satisfied with the findings of the medical board
he/she may file an appeal to DOPT in the prescribed format, which should reach
DOPT within seven working days from the date of publication of medical report
on the website.
• Whether it is mandatory to enclose
certificate in support of his/her of being a fit candidate?
It is not mandatory. However, if a candidate
wishes to do so he/she may enclose a copy of medical certificate in support of
his claim.
• Where will the medical examination by the
Appellate Medical Board be held?
Such
medical examination will be held at Delhi and no travelling allowance or daily
allowance will be admissible for journey performed in connection with such
medical examination w.e.f., CSE 2014.
• What will the amount of fee charged?
No fee will be charged from candidates for
filing an Appeal w.e.f., CSE 2014.
• When a candidate would be required to present
himself/herself before Appellate Medical Board?
The candidate would be required to present
himself /herself before Appellate Medical Board on the date and time to be
intimated to him/her by the DoPT and would also be uploaded in the website.
• What will happen if a candidate fails to
present himself before Appellate Medical Board on the scheduled date?
Failure to appear before Appellate Medical
Board on the appointed day would amount to forfeiture of the opportunity of
appeal for the candidate and as a consequence the recommendation of CSMB would
be final.
• Whether there is any opportunity to file the
appeal for review of the findings of Appellate Medical Board?
The findings of the Appellate Medical Board
would be final and no appeal would lie against the opinion of the appellate
medical board.
• Whether there is provision for appeal of PH
candidate against findings of CSMB?
Yes. The same provision is applicable as in
case of Non PH category candidates.
• Whether any fee will charged from PH for
filing appeal against CSMB ?
No fee will be charged.
• Who will constitute medical board?
The Central Government (Ministry of Health
and Family Welfare) will constitute Central Standing Medical Board in the
designated hospitals for conduct of medical examination of candidates in CSE.
• Whether Chairman of CSMBs may consult
specialists of other designated hospitals before giving a medical report?
Yes, in case of any doubt Chairman CSMB may
consult specialists in designated hospitals.
• Whose decision as regards to fitness of the
candidates shall be final?
As regards to fitness of the candidates, the
decision of the Chairman of CSMB will be final except in ‘Appeal Cases’, where
decision of the Chairman of Appellate Medical Board will be treated ‘final’.
• What will be the constitution of the
Appellate Medical Board?
Appellate Medical Board will comprise of
Specialists including a Chairman who would be higher in rank than those
included in CSMB and the same would invariably be headed by Head of Department.
• Who will examine PH candidate on their
appeal?
Appellate Disability Medical Board (ADMB)
constituted by Government would examine PH candidate on their appeal
• Whether it is mandatory to have lady doctor
in the medical examination of lady candidate?
Yes, lady doctor will assist in medical
examination.
•
What is the procedure for the candidate having temporary unfitness?
In case where medical board considers that
candidate has temporary unfitness to that effect should record the same and the
same would be informed to the candidate by DOPT.
• In
how many months such candidates would be re-examined?
Temporary unfit candidate would be
re-examined within a period not exceeding 6 months. After the re-examination
final report as regards to his/ her fitness or otherwise for appointment to
service would be given.
Issues relating to
candidates belonging to PH category
•
What should be the degree of disability for claiming reservation in
posts/services under the Central Government?
Only such persons would be eligible for
reservation in services / posts who suffer from not less than 40 per cent of
relevant disability. A person who wants to avail of benefit of reservation
would have to submit a Disability Certificate issued by a competent authority.
• Who is the competent authority to issue
Disability Certificate?
The competent authority to issue Disability
Certificate shall be a Medical Board duly constituted by the Central or a State
Government. The Central / State Government may constitute Medical Board(s)
consisting of at least three members out of which at least one shall be a
specialist in the particular field for assessing locomotor / cerebral / visual
/ hearing disability, as the case may be.
• What is Physical Requirement and Functional
Classification (PR & FC)?
For a PH candidate, various Cadre Controlling
Authorities (CCAs) in consultation with M/o SJ&E have laid down Physical
Requirements and Functional Classification for sub categories of PH categories
i.e. Visual Impaired, Hearing Impaired and Locomotor Disability and Cerebral
Palsy(LDCP) in respect of services under their administrative control and a
candidate is required to meet PR and FC for that service for being eligible to
be allocated to that service.
• Where PR and FC are for various services
participating in CSE have been indicated?
These are indicated in Appendix IV to CSE
Rules 2014 which are also available on this department’s website-----------.
• Who is PH for the purpose of service
allocation on the basis of CSE?
Candidate having disability more than 40% is
considered a PH category candidate and is eligible for allocation of service
against the vacancy reserved for PH category.
• Who
can issue the disability certificate?
Disability Certificate can be issued only by
Central Standing Medical Board constituted by Central Government or by the
State Government comprising at least three members out of which at least one is
a specialist in the field of relevant disability.
• Whether there is prescribed format for
disability certificate?
Yes, there is a prescribed format for issue of disability certificate
• What is the date by which disability
certificate should have been issued to a candidate appearing in CSE?
A
disability certificate in respect of candidate appearing CSE as PH candidate
must have been issue before last date for applying for appearing in CSE
(Prelims).
• Whether PH candidate would be medically
examined after interview?
Such candidates holding disability
certificate issued by the competent authority would be medically examined by
the CSMB in Safdarjang Hospital, Dr RML Hospital, Lady Hording Medical College
GTB Hospital and LNJP Hospital.
• Who is competent to give permanent disability
certificate?
CSMB in the above hospitals are competent to
give permanent disability certificate.
• Whether the disability certificate can be
denied without giving an opportunity to candidate?
No. Disability certificate can be denied only
after giving opportunity of being heard to the applicant. Also after having
representation of the applicant, CSMB may review its own decision in view of
the facts and circumstances of the case and pass such orders as deemed fit and
necessary.
Service Allocation
• For how many services one can indicate
his/her preference?
A candidate shall be required to mandatorily
indicate order of preferences for all the services participating in the Civil
Services Examination for the year, in the application form for main
examination. No preference, zero preference and the same order of preference
for two or more services shall not be allowed in any case.
• Whether change of preference of services once
indicated is permitted?
No change in preferences of services once
indicated by a candidate would be permitted.
• I have not indicated preferences for all the
service for CSE 2012. What will happen if I do not get service for which I have
indicated preference?
You will be considered for allocation of
service against remaining services where vacancies are available after
allocations of all the candidates who could be allocated to those cadres in
accordance with their preferences.
• Who is General Merit (GM) or Meritorious
Reserved Category (MRC) candidate?
A candidate belonging to Reserved Category
but qualified in CSE on his/her own merit without availing any relaxation like
maximum age limit, number of attempts etc is called GM or MRC candidate.
•
What is Service allocation from Reserve List ?
Reserved Category candidate who qualify on
General Merit, are adjusted against unreserved vacancies. But in case some
GM/MRC candidates do not get service of their higher preference in UR category,
they are allowed to switch over to their own category leaving vacant slots. In
order to meet such situation, UPSC maintains to lists equal to number of GM
candidate - one of GM candidates and other of Reserved Category candidates.
These lists are called Reserved List.
• When requisitions are sent by DOPT to UPSC
for recommending names from Reserve List?
Requisition is sent to UPSC when after
service allocation from CSE (Main) List, it becomes clear as to whether a
particular GM candidate has been allocated service against unreserved vacancy
or has switched over to his/her category.
• What are the parameters on which service
allocation to a particular candidate is decided?
Service allocation to a particular candidate
is depending on rank of the candidate in CSE, his/ her order of preference for
service, his/her category, availability of vacancy in his/her category at his
/her turn and findings of Medical Board/Appellate Board in respect of him/her.
• Whether success in Civil Services Examination
creates indefeasible right for appointment?
No. Success in the examination does not
confer indefeasible right for appointment unless Govt. is satisfied after such
enquiry as may be considered necessary that the candidate having regard to his
character & antecedents is suitable in all respects for appointments to the
service.
----------------
Source: http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02ser/CSE-FAQ.pdf
